Osteoarthritis: Injections and Surgery

Talk with your healthcare provider about your treatment options.

Injections or surgery may help if you have pain or movement problems from osteoarthritis that severely limit your activities. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about how these treatment choices can help. They can also tell you about their risks and complications.

Injections

Medicine can be injected directly into the affected joint. These shots take a few minutes and are done in your healthcare provider’s office:

• Corticosteroid or steroid injections. These shots may ease swelling and pain. The medicine is injected into the joint—for instance, the knee or hip. Steroid injections do have risks, so providers limit the number of injections used in any one joint. 

• Lubricant supplementation injections. These shots use hyaluronic acid, a substance similar to one found naturally in the joint. It may help the joint work more smoothly. These injections are only for osteoarthritis in the knees.

Surgery

Choices for surgery include:

• Arthroscopy. The surgeon looks at and works inside the joint using special tiny tools put through very small cuts (incisions). The cartilage is smoothed. Any pieces of cartilage that have broken off are removed.

• Total joint replacement. The entire joint is taken out and replaced with a artificial joint using metal, ceramic, or plastic. This is most often done with the knee or hip joint.

• Other surgery. There are other surgical procedures specific to certain joints. For instance, joint resurfacing may be done on the hip joint.